Use concrete expressions, especially in questions, and not abstract concepts or jargon. Example: "Where is that cliff shown on your map?" Not: "Stay in contact." Also: "What are we looking for and how will we know it's the right one?" Not: "Let's check the control description and code."

Later, a discussion of the all-important attack point can begin: "What are we really looking for?"

Let the child pick the route regardless of efficiency as long as it is a secure one. The idea is to build the confidence that comes with achievement. Concern for time and placement is inimical to developing independent decision-making skills.

Downplay the importance of the compass except to set the map and as a check on the direction of a trail, stream or stone wall. Especially do not encourage the use of the compass to set a bearing on or off trail.

The surest sign of a child's fatigue is that he/she no long instinctively runs toward the control after spotting the bag. Do not attempt any more teaching points on a course after this "Ah-hah!" reflex has disappeared.

And at the finish head first for the cookies, not the posted results!